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Sortation and Traceability for Tire and Wheel Systems

​​Inspecting wheels for defects, matching components and assemblies, and validating measurements are essential in auto wheel manufacturing. Minor defects like cracks, scratches, misalignments, and incorrect assemblies can lead to catastrophic failures, ​jeopardizing safety and compromising performance. Cognex machine vision systems use powerful technology to find critical wheel defects, find incorrect assemblies, and detect uneven components with speed, accuracy, and precision.

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Getting wheel inspection right is critical despite built-in challenges

Wheels need to meet strict quality and size requirements to conform to global safety standards and maintain customer satisfaction. Finding subtle defects like scratches, porosity, and inclusions is too difficult for manual visual inspections and can stump basic vision systems.

​Challenges of wheel inspection include:

  • ​Reflective, curved surfaces that mask defects
  • ​Mistaking legitimate defects for tolerable anomalies increases scrap rates and costs
  • ​Adapting to production changes or different types of flaws is challenging and time-consuming

​Wheel assemblies bring their own inspection tasks, like checking stud presence, fastener threading, and proper torque. Detecting flaws during manufacturing is essential for suppliers and OEMs to ensure safety, uphold quality standards, and maintain regulatory compliance​.

Rule-based vision doesn’t detect subtle flaws in wheels

Manual inspection methods are often slow and prone to error. While rule-based machine vision can address a variety of complex tasks, the number of variables involved in detecting subtle flaws in wheels and separating them from acceptable anomalies is too complex. Individually adjusting inspection parameters and program specifications to catch every different type of flaws would be too time-consuming and inefficient.

Cognex uses example-based AI that learns to recognize defects and inspect surfaces. Combining AI capabilities with powerful optics and image-formation technology enables Cognex machine vision systems to automate difficult tasks, including:

  • Wheel stud detection: verify wheel assemblies and bolts
  • Ball bearing check: confirm the presence/absence of ball bearings within wheel bearings to ensure proper assembly
  • Wheel and hub defect detection: find flaws like scratches, dents, and porosity and separate them from acceptable blemishes

Since Cognex AI technology learns by analyzing example images, it can easily adapt to new designs, assemblies, features, and types of flaws.

Cognex vision recognizes and verifies the number of studs in wheel assemblies

Cognex machine vision systems recognize studs in wheel assemblies, whether they are recessed or protruding.


3D Machine Vision Applications Guide | English

​​3D Machine Vision Applications Guide​ 

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Precise 3D measurements with AI

Cognex 3D machine vision systems use embedded AI and intuitive development software to solve challenging tire inspection tasks. 3D machine vision systems create high-contrast images using high-powered speckle-free lasers, while imaging technology and powerful optics find defects and measure variances. With every inspection, Cognex 3D machine vision systems learn and adapt to detect new anomalies for continuous improvement and operational efficiency.

Automating complex inspections eliminates manufacturing bottlenecks, enabling high-speed operations without compromising quality or safety. Cognex provides all the support you need to make sure the line keeps running - from on-demand, online resources to a global network of experts - so you can keep pace with the demands of modern automotive production.